Apparatus for waving hair



April 11, 1950 B. F. DAVIS APPARATUS FOR WAVING HAIR 2 Sheets-Sheet 1 Filed June 8, 1948 INVENTOR fi/flA/Cfl FmV/S B m wnr ATT O R B. F. DAVIS APPARATUS FOR WAVING HAIR April 11, 1950 r 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 Filed June 8, 1948 BY J04 7 ATTORNEY Patented Apr. 11 1950 UNIT ED STATES PATENT 0 F F 1 CE.

APPARATUS FOR WAVING HAIR Bianca F. Davis, Ridgewood, N.v J.

Application June 8, 1948, Serial No. 31,697.

This invention relates to improvements in apparatus for imparting a so-called Marcel wave tohair and may be used efiectively in imparting such a wave with the degree of permanency now known in the art asa permanent wave.

' The present invention is considered to be an im- .provement over the invention disclosed in U. s.

Patent No. 2,276,933, granted to me under date of January 27, 1942. As disclosed in the mentiioned patent, the apparatus included a holder 8 Claims. (Cl. 1232-43) with parallel tubes upon which the hair was wound in the form of a figure eight, and a frame adapted to receive said tubes with the hair wound thereon for support during; the heating or other processing which imparted the wave to; the hair. Some difiiculty' has been encountered'in giving permanent waves according to the said patented apparatus, particularly arising from the necessity supporting the hair in the proper form for impart- 3 ing a Marcel wave thereto.

-More particularly, the objects of the present invention are:

To provide for imparting such a wave without requiring any shifting of wound hair from. one

device to another;

To provide apparatus which may be clamped wound on a so-called "croquignole type of winder and will support the said winder, with hair ends wound thereon, during treatment of the strand.

Theforegoing and other objects :of the presentinvention are accomplished by apparatus of which a preferred embodiment is disclosed in the accompanying drawings for illustrative purposes. In thepresent drawings:-

mute 1 is aperspective view of a preferred form of Marcel waving apparatus according to the present invention.

Fig. 2 is a fragmentary sectional view on the line- 2-2 of Fig. 1.

Fig. 3 is aview of a portion of the apparatus shown in Fig. I in substantially the same perspective attitude, certain portions, however, being omitted and other parts being shown in their positions as immediately before the apparatus is clamped upon a strand of hair.

Fig. 4 is a side elevation of a conventional crequig-nole winder, such as may be employed" in conjunction with the structures shown in the previously mentioned figures.

Fig; 5 is 'a perspective view of the apparatus in substantially the same perspective atitude as'in 'Figs. l and 3, the parts thereof being shown in the positions in which they are disposed during the winding of the greater portion of a strand of hair thereon.

Fig. 6 is a perspective View of the apparatus substantially as shown in Fig. l, but with a strand of hair wound thereon and with a Croquignole winder with end portions: of the hair wound thereon, all in'condition to have heating means applied thereto.

Fig. Tisa longitudinal sectional view of one of the arms which are shown in a somewhat upstanding angular position in Figs. 3 and 5, but with a tub slid over the arm to increase its diameter;

The present invention comprises relatively flat hair-clamping members H and I2 which are pivoted together as at l3 and preferably are covered r by protective sheaths H and I5", which may be in the form of tubes of relatively soft rubber or similar material slipped over 01" molded upon th mentioned clamping members. I V

As best seen in Fig. 3, a strand of hair may be brought upwardly between the clamping members H and ['2' with the latter disposed quite close to the subjects scalp indicated at it. By pivotally moving the clamping member [2 toward the clamping member ll, thestrand of hair may be firmly clamped therebetween as may be under? stood from Fig; 5. I

Any suitable latch arrangement may be profvided for holding the members I l and 12' together.

In the embodiment illustrated in the drawings,

the latch arrangement compris'esa link I! pivoted at a fixed pivotal point Won the member H and having a cam member I d rotat'ably secured to the other end of the link I! by a pin 20. The cam member I! also has-fan integral finger 2| facilitating" manipulation of the latch arrangement.

The clamping member 12 preferably has an arouate surface [9a toward its free end with which surface the cam l9 functions to tighten the latch arrangement and thereby hold members I I and I 2 securely together.

As may be gathered from a comparison of Figs. 3 and 5, the link I! with the cam member 19 may be swung out toward one end of the device (Fig. 3), to permit the members [I and I! to be disposed at opposite sides of a strand of hair and close to a subjects scalp, after which the member I2 may be moved into close juxtaposition to the member H to clamp the hair there between (Fig. 5). After the members H and I2 are thus brought together, the link i! may then be swung slightly clockwisely from its Fig. 3. position to its Fig. 5 position. Then, the cam member is may be rotated counterclockwisely to cause the cam surface of the cam member to cooperate with the surface led on the clamping member 12 to securely clamp and hold the members H and 12 together with the strand of hair firmly gripped therebetween.

Means are provided for supporting, upon the clamping member i I, a structure upon which the strand of hair may be wound and held during the waving treatment. Such a structure may inelude a post 22 fixed in an upright position upon one end of the clampingmember H, said post having a bottom shoulder 23 to which a link 24 is pivotally secured bymeans of a pin 25, all as best seen in Fig. 2. A yoke 25 is-pivotally secured to the upper end of the link 24 by a pin 21, and a pair of arms 28 are-secured at corresponding ends thereof to the yoke 23, preferably at a lower portion of the latter. Preferably, also, the arms 1 2B are secured to the yokeby having their corresponding ends threaded into bores provided in the yoke, so that the mentioned arms may be easily removed from the latter for reasons which will be hereinafter explained.

At the other end of the clamping memberii, there is fixed an upright extension 29 having a shoulder portion 38 upon which the free ends of the arms 28 may rest in substantialparallelism to the clamping members ll and i2 when the strand of hair is wound uponthe apparatus in condition for treatment, as shown in Fig. 6. The

9 extension 29 has a neck portion 3i immediately above the shoulder portionj3ll, this neck portion being of approximately the width of the space between the free-end portions 32 of the arms 28,

and the extension 29 is enlarged somewhat just i above the neck portion 3! to form humps 33 at opposite sides of the extension overwhich the end portions 32 of the arms mayslide and be expanded apart slightly as the arms 28 are moved from their upright or-angular position with hair wound thereon, as shown in Fig. 5, to

. their parallel positions,as shown in Fig. 6. The arms 28 preferably are suff ciently resilient to Q yield somewhat as the portions 32 pass over the humps 33, and the latter effectively serve to pre- ,vent unintentional displacement of the arms from their mentioned parallel. positions.

As best seen in Fig. 5, the strand of hair is wound upon the arms 28 while the latter. are in their upright or angular positions. However, it

-is important for those arms to be held in that position quite securely while the hair is being. wound thereon. To accomplish this, the upper .end of the yoke 28 is bifurcated-to provide two .upright spaced fingers 34 which, when the arms are in their angular positions, extend at each side of the upper end of the post22, as best seen surface of the clamping member! I, and the other end 4| of the torque spring engages the link 24 to rotate it clockwisely, as viewed in Fig. 2, to its in Figs. 3 and 5. From Fig. 6, it may be seen that the upper end of the post 22 has a horizontal bore 35 extending therethrough and that the near one of the fingers 34 has a horizontal bore 36. The other finger 34 has a similar bore 36, not shown in the drawings, but indicated by a broken line circle in Fig. 2.

When the arms 28 are upright, as shown in Figs. 3 and 5, the bores 35 and 36 are in alignment, and a removable pin 31, inserted through those bores serves to hold the yoke 26 and, hence, holds the arms 28 securely in their mentioned upright positions while the strand of hair is being full lines in Fig. 2, would be tilted somewhat '4 downwardly to a non-vertical or more nearlyhoriz'ontal position as indicated in broken lines in Fig. 2. As the pin 31 is separable from the remainder of the apparatus, it should be helpful to have a cord or elastic or other easily grasped member, not shown, attached to said pin so that an operator may easily pick one up from a tray and be aided in withdrawing the pin from the apparatus in a manner hereinafter explained.

After the strand of hair is wound on the arms 28, excepting the hair end portions in the strand, the latter is preferably clamped to one of the arms 28, at a short distance from the end of the strand, by a spring clamp 38 of a type commonly used in the art, and thereafter as there is no further need for having the arms held in their :upright position, the pin 31 may be removed.

I to its upright or full-line position, shown in Fig.

2, so that the pivot pin 21 at one end of the device will be properly spaced from the extension 29 at the other end of the device to enable the arms 28 to be lowered with their end portions coacting properly with that extension. To assure this coaction, a coil torque spring 39 is associated with the pin 25 in such a manner that one end 43 of said spring is held against rotation, as for example, by engagement thereof with the upper upright position. This rotation, due to the action of the spring 39, occurs automatically, immediately upon withdrawal of the pin 31. The post 22 has a portion such as an intermediate shoulder 42 which serves as an abutment'for the link 24 to prevent it from rotatingclockwisely past upright dead center, thereby assuring the proper spacing between the pin 27 and the extension 29 at the other end of the frame.

.The frame also functions as a receptacle for :holding in place a winder 43, which may be of any suitable character but which,'for present purposes, is illustrated in Fig. 4 as comprising an elongated roll portion 44 which may be somewhat concave to accommodate a strand of hair 'therearound and may have apivot'ed hair-end retaining arm 45 between which and the roll 44 the ends of the hair strand may be inserted and thereafter wound around the roll 4 and over the arm 45 up to the point where the main portion of the strand of hair is wound upon the arms 28.

It will be seen that the first complete turn of hair around the roll 44 and the arm 45 will hold the latter in substantially parallel relationship with the roll 44 as best seen in Fig. 6. After the hair endsare wound upon the winder 43, the latter ifs placed within suitable receiving means-upon able manner, as: for example, by a pin- 41, these iparts being so designed as to provide an annular recess or groove 48 which is only slightly wider than the thickness of the extension 29. .Atthe other end of the roll portion 44, there is mounted therein a unidirectional clutch or ratchet 49', the particular details of which form no part of the present invention. and, hence, are not shown in the drawings. The chief characteristic of the clutch 49, however is that, while a cross-sectionally square or non-circular end member 50 of the clutch may be held against rotation, the remainderof the winder 43 may be rotated in one direction but not in the other direction around its axis by the manipulation of the finger piece 46. After the hair ends have been wound upon the winder 43, the latter is mounted on the frame so that the pin 41, as best understood from Figs. and 6, rests within a semi-circular recess 5i formed in the upper end of the extension .29, with the finger piece 46 overlying a marginal portion of said' extension at one side of the recess 5| and the adjacent end of the roll portion 44 of the winder overlying the opposite marginal portion of the extension at the other side of the recess 5|. The non-circular-section clutch member 50 fits within the space between the upright fingers 34 at the top of the yoke 26, and thereby is restrained against rotation, With the winder 43 mounted in this fashion, the finger piece 46 may be rotated in the proper direction to tighten the hair on the winder and the unidirectional clutch 49 prevents the winder from rotating reversely, thereby maintaining the strand of hair under suitable tension on the winder.

The arms 28 preferably are formed with knobs 52 on their free ends and these knobs may have a knurled or otherwise roughened surface to facilitate unscrewing of the said arms from within their related bores in the yoke 26.

In Fig. 7, I illustrate an optional provision of a sleeve 53 which preferably fits with a close sliding fit over the arm 28 and may be slid onto the arm 23 when the latter is disassociated from the yoke 26. The object of such a sleeve is to increase the diameter of the arm and thereby afford the operator some latitude in the degree of tightness of the wave given to the hair. Obviously, such sleeves may be available in various thicknesses so that the operator may employ either a thin sleeve, or a relatively thick sleeve, or'no sleeve at all, according to the desiredtightness of the wave to be imparted to the hair. The operators decision as to whether or not to use such a sleeve or as to the size of sleeve to be employed may be influenced in some instances by the texture of the subjects hair which usually is ascertained by tests before the giving of the wave. Although the foregoing description of the structure of the present embodiment of my invention should afford an indication of the mannor in which it operates; nevertheless, the following description of its operation should aid in'afiording a complete understanding'of the invention. v Assuming that the subjects hair has been tested and has received suitable preliminary washing'or other treatment, the operator divides the subiects hair into a number of strands, each comprising a substantial volume of 'hair. The present description with respect to one strand is applicable rememannerer handliiigand'treatfiig' all of the strands of hair onthe subje-cts'head. After having grouped some of the hair into a strand, the operator takeso-ne of the frames with the members it and F2 in their relative open positions and with the arms 28 held in anupright or angular position by a pin 31, all asbest seen in Fig 3, and disposesthat frame with the clamping members H and It at opposite sides-of the strand as closely as possible to the subject's scalp. The strand preferably should be associated with the clamping members H and" I2 toward the end of the frame upon which the arms 28 are pivotally mounted. The arm l2 is-then brought into intimate clamping juxtaposition with respect to arm H, after which the freeend of the arm I2 is latched closed in the manner already described.- Inasmuch as the pin 31' was-inserted in plaice before the frame was applied to the head-of the subject, the arms- 28,- at this stage in the operation, are held securely in theirangular positions as shown in Fig. 3. In the drawings, the device has been illustrated with the arms 28" extending leftward-1y to permit a better showing of the latch arrangement and of the manner in which it operates. However, assuming the operator to be righthanded, the device would be a'pplied to a strand of hair with the arms 28 extending right wardly instead of leftwardly to facilitate winding of the strand of hair upon the arms.

According to a preferred manner of winding, the strand of hair is first broughtup between the members H and I2 and between the two arms 28 near the pivoted ends thereof, thence the strand is brought toward the operator and down, around the outer side and under the nearest arm 28. Then. it is brought upwardly again between. the two arms 28, thence, over, and down and around the outer side of the. otherarm 28 and under the latter. Thereafter, it is again brought up between the two arms 28, and the same manner of winding is repeated backand forth between the two'arms 28, pursuingmore or less the course of the outline of a figure eightaround the said two arms until the entire strand has been wound thereon, excepting the end portions of the strand. The operator, by experience; will know how tightly to wind the hair on the arms 28 and also will exercise judgment inthe amount of end portion to be left free thereof. After winding the main portion of the strand upon the arms: 28, the clamp 38 is" applied to one of the arms and to the strand of the hair to hold the latter firmly upon the arms. Then the pin 31 is withdrawn, whereupon the torque spring 39 operates immediately and automatically to rotate the link 24 to its upright position, as shown in full lines in Fig. 2, after which the arms 28, with the hair wound thereon, are swung downwardly and snapped into place upon the shoulders of the portion 30 of the extension 29. Then the ends are wound upon the winder" 43 in the manner already described, the clip 38 is removed,'and the winder is placed upon the frame'withthe'squaresection member 50' of the clutch in position between the upright fingers 34 and the other end of the winder, more particularly its pin 41, resting within the recess 5! at the upper end of the extension 29 of the frame. Thereafter, the finger piece 46 may be manipulated to increase the tension of the hair on the winder if desired.

After the strand of hair has bee'n wound and the frame and winder adjusted in the manner just described, the hair is treated with" whatever liquidor other preparations are considered necessary in order to aid in imparting a permanent wave thereto. If desired, such treatment may have been given to the hair, prior to its described winding. Then, suitable heating means are applied over and about the plurality of hair strands and frames on the head in order to impart to the moistened or otherwise treated hair the proper winder 43 is lifted from its position upon the extension 29 and upon the yoke 26. This'can be done by first lifting the clutch end of the winder free of the fingers 34 so that the winder may then be turned somewhat to loosen the hair thereon and thereby permit the other end of the winder to be lifted from the recess Then the hair may be completely unwound from the winder after which the arms 28 may be pivoted upwardly substantially to the positions thereof,

shown in Fig. 5. Thereafter, it would be possible to merely unwind the hair from the arms 28 by reversing the winding procedure previously employed and this would necessarily be done if the arms 28 are fixed to the yoke 26 (as they may be mounted within this invention) instead of being screwed thereinto. However, with the arms 28 screwed into the yoke 26 as herein described. they are readily unscrewed and withdrawn from the strand of hair. Thereafter, the latch arrangement is loosened and opened by manipulation of the finger 2i oppositely to the original latching manipulation thereof, and after the latch is opened, the members H and I2 may be separated to permit removal of the frame from the head of the subject.

Under the described winding and unwinding procedure, the subject is never caused any pain arising from needless pulling of the hair and, as the operation is much shorter in duration than it would be with other winding and holding means, the procedure is less tiresome to the subject.

It will be seen that the present invention eliminates the need for the separate holder and winding means shown in my mentioned earlier patent, and it will readily be realized also, by those familiar with the art, that the apparatus disclosed and described herein can be utilized to give a permanent Marcel wave much more expeditiously than the apparatus disclosed in my said patent. This more expeditious operation greatly enhances the value of this type of apparatus and introduces substantial economies in the giving of permanent Marcel waves.

The present apparatus possesses all the advantages attributable to my previously patented structure in that the strand of hair, instead of being merely curled as is true of waves heretofore most generally given in hair waving establishments, is actually waved by my described apparatus. Where the hair is merely curled, the operator, after unwinding it, must manually give it a so-called set to impart the wave thereto. The use of the present apparatus avoids the need for the so-called set and greatly simplifies the following process wherein the operator styles the coifiure.

Although, for illustrative purposes, only one embodiment of my invention has been disclosed and described herein, nevertheless, it will readily be understood by those familiar with the art that various modifications of the apparatus may be employed without departing from the present invention as set forth in the accompanying claims.

What I claim is:

1. Apparatus for waving hair comprising a frame having means for clamping it to a strand ofhair adjacent to a portion of a subjects scalp, and a pair of spaced arms mounted upon the frame and which, when the frame is so clamped,

extend outwardly ata substantial angle with re, spect to said scalp portion, the said arms'being adapted to receive the mentioned strand wound back and forth about and between said arms following a course substantially in the form of a figure eight, whereby the strand may directly assume a waved configuration in response to treatment thereof while wound upon said arms, the said arms having means at corresponding ends thereof uniting them and holding them in substantially parallel relationship to each other and pivot means at said ends including a link, for pivotally mounting said arms to the mentioned frame, the mentioned link permitting shifting of the interconnected ends of said arms relatively to the remainder of the frame.

2. Apparatus according to claim 1 in which the interconnection between the corresponding ends of the arms comprises a yoke having a portion substantially rigid relative to said arms and a removable pin coacting with a portion of the frame and with said yoke for holding the yoke and said arms substantially rigid relatively to the frame when said arms are in their mentioned angular position.

3. Apparatus for waving hair according to claim 1, the link being pivoted at one end to a fixed point on the frame and the pivotal mounting of said arms comprising a pivot connection thereof to the other end of said link.

4. A frame for receiving and supporting a strand of hair wound thereon for treatment, comprising means for clamping the frame to the said strand near a subject's scalp, a pair of arms for receiving wound portions of the strand thereon, said arms being interconnected toward corresponding ends and free of interconnection at their opposite corresponding ends, and pivoted at'their interconnected ends to the frame toward one end of the latter, means for holding said arms in one extreme position substantially angular relative to an adjacent portion of the subjects scalp to permit the strand to be wound upon said arms, and arm-cradling means at the other end of the frame for engaging the free ends of the arms to hold the latter and a wound hair strand thereon in an opposite extreme position substantially parallel to said scalp portion, the means for holding the arms in their mentioned extreme angular position comprising an armholding portion in substantially rigid association with said arms and rotatable about the pivot connection of the latter to the frame, and a pin releasably coacting with said arm-holding portion and with a fixed portion of the frame when the arms are in their angular position to hold the arms against pivoting from said position.

5. A frame for receiving and supporting a strand of hair wound thereon for treatment, comprising means for clamping the frame to the said strand near a subjects scalp, a pair of arms for receiving wound portions of the strand thereon, said arms being interconnected toward corresponding ends and free of interconnection at their opposite corresponding ends, and pivoted at their interconnected ends to the frame toward one end of the latter, means for holding said arms in one extreme position substantially angular relatively to an adjacent portion of the subjects scalp to permit the strand to be wound upon said arms, and arm-cradling means at the other end of the frame for engaging the free ends of the arms to hold the latter and a wound hair strand thereon in an opposite extreme position substantially parallel to said scalp portion, the said pivotal connection comprising a link pivoted at a fixed point to the frame and the said arms being pivoted to the link at the free end of the latter; the link being adapted to swing between a first position wherein the arms are free to swing to said angular position in cooperating relationship to the means for holding the arms in said angular position,and a second position of the link wherein the pivot connection of the arms holds the latter in position to properly engage the said arm-cradling means when the arms are pivoted to their mentioned parallel position.

6. A frame according to claim 4, the said armholding portion comprising an extension extending substantially radially from the pivot connection of said arms, a fixed protuberance on the frame, registerable apertures being provided adjacent the free end of the arm-holding portion and in said protuberance, and a pin removably inserted in said apertures when the latter are in register to hold the arms in their angular position.

7. A frame according to claim 6, the extension extending substantially upwardly and being bifurcated at its upper end to form a pair of fingers and a recess between said fingers, the mentioned apertures in said arm-holding portion being in said fingers and the said protuberance extending into said recess and the apertures in said protuberance being in register with the apertures in said fingers to receive a pin therein when the arms are in their angular position, the frame having a recess, at a portion thereof remote from said bifurcated extension, adapted to receive one end of a supplemental hair-end winder therein and the said recess in the said extension being adapted to receive the other end of such a winder therein when the arms are in their mentioned parallel position.

8. A frame according to claim 5, spring means being associated with the said link for urging the latter toward its said second position.

BIANCA F. DAVIS.

REFERENCES CITED The following references are of record in the file of this patent:

UNITED STATES PATENTS Number Name Date 1,055,603 Brewington Mar. 11, 1913 1,217,610 Lavie Feb. 27, 1917 2,105,069 Arnold Jan. 11, 1938 2,142,849 Huppert Jan. 3, 1939 FOREIGN PATENTS Number Country Date 758,742 France Jan. 22, 1934 

